STEEL TURNING
Steels can be categorized as non-alloy, low-alloy and high-alloy. This affects the turning recommendations for turning.
Turning of non - alloy steel
Qualification of materials: P1.1
Non-alloy steel has a carbon content of up to 0.55%. Low-carbon steels (carbon content <0.25%) require special attention due to difficult chip breaking and tendency to smear (built-in edge).
If you want to break and direct the shavings, try to move as high as possible. A “Wiper” cartridge is highly recommended.
Use high cutting speeds to avoid loading on the edge of the cartridge, which can adversely affect the surface. Sharp edges and light cutting geometry will reduce the tendency to smear and prevent deterioration of the edges.
Turning of low-alloy steel
Classification of materials: P2.x
The machinability of low-alloy steels depends on the alloy content and heat treatment (hardness). For all materials in this group, the most common wear problems are crater and flank wear. For hardened materials, plastic deformation due to higher heat in the cutting area is also common.
For low-alloy steels in the non-hardened state, the first choice is a steel series of grades and geometries. For hardened materials, it is useful to use a harder grade (cast iron, ceramic and CBN).
Turning of high-alloy steel
Classification of materials: P3.x
High-alloy steels include carbon steels with a total alloy content of more than 5%. The group includes both soft and hardened materials. Machinability decreases with higher content and hardness of alloys.
As far as low-alloy steels are concerned, the first choice is the type and geometry of the steel.
Steels with more than 5% alloying elements and hardnesses above 450 HB require additional requirements for resistance to plastic deformation and edge strength. Consider using a harder grade (cast iron, ceramic, and CBN).
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